Heat Exchangers

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There are two types of glass heat exchangers, coil type and shell and tube type heat exchangers.

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There are two types of glass heat exchangers, coil type and shell and tube type heat exchangers.
 
COIL TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS
 
Coil type heat exchangers are of all-glass design. There are no internal sealing problems as the coil battery is welded into the jacket making a one piece unit. Coil type heat exchanger are used for condensation of vapours and cooling of liquid.
 
PERFORMANCE DATA
The heat transfer coefficients also varies from one size of condenser to another but as a guide, the table below gives as indication of the performance of condenser at atmospheric pressure, using water (inlet temperature 30° C ) as a coolant in the coils and steam condensing in the jackets. The figures do not show the maximum performance of the units but are a general indication of typical working conditions.
Jacket sideMedium Vapour to be condensed Liquid Gas
Coil side medium Cooling water Cooling water Cooling water
Heat transf. coeff.
 
PRECAUTIONS TO USE CONDENSER ARE AS FOLLOW
Condenser arrangement
   
When connecting coil-type condensers to the coolant supply, adequate flexible hose should be used to ensure that stresses are not transmitted to the glass.
Condenser should never be operated with steam in the coils. They should always be used with an adequate flow of coolant through the coils and care should be taken to ensure that the coolant does not become heated to boiling point.
Coolant control valves should always be turned ON and OFF slowly, particularly when air is present in the line. Coolant should be allowed to drain freely to a point as closed as practicable to the heat exchangers.
Care should be taken in arranging the coolant supply in order to that water hammer is avoided. A uniform, continuous supply of coolant should be ensured.
If a condenser is out of service for any length of time, it is advisable to drain the coils, especially in winter when suitable precautions should be taken to prevent freezing of any water remaining after draining.
Brine or other coolants in closed circuit can be used as a coolant provided the suitable precautions against water hammer are taken.
Condensers can be mounted in series to provide lager surface area. Generally condensers should be mounted vertically only.
The maximum pressure in the coil is 2.7 Bar g the maximum differential pressure
 
GLASS CONDENSER
GLASS CONDENSER-1
GLASS CONDENSER-2
GLASS CONDENSER-3
 
  COOLANT JACKETTHROUGH FCSA*  

AREAz

(m²)

DN
DN1
L
L1
L2
TYPE

CAP
.LTR.

PUT
Kg/h

SHELL
(cm²)

CAT.
REF.
0.2 40 16 610 85 100 A 1.0 700 4.5 SHE 1.5/2
0.3 50 16 610 90 100 A 1.25 1200 5 SHE 2/3
0.3 80 80 610 90 100 A 2 1200 5 SHE 3/3
0.5 100 20 610 120 100 A 4 2200 18 SHE 4/5
0.6 100 20 760 120 100 A 6 2200 30 SHE 4/6
1.0 150 25 610 150 100 B 9 2300 52 SHE 6/10
1.5 150 25 840 150 125 B 11 2300 52 SHE 6/15
2.5 225 25 790 180 125 B 18 3000 142 SHE 9/25
2.5 300 25 610 250 125 B 25 2750 210 SHE 12/25
4.0 300 25 900 250 125 B 35 4200 258 SHE 12/40
4.0 400 25 600 350 125 B 55 4800 450 SHE 16/40
5.0 400 25 700 350 125 B 65 5800 450 SHE 16/50
6.0 450 25 760 325 150 B & C 100 5800 820 SHE18/60

8.0

450 25 900 325 150 B & C 110 6100 820 SHE 18/80
 
GLASS BOILER
Type SHEB 4, SHEB 6 and SHEB 9 glass coil-type boiler are normally mounted in external circulatory loops using a spherical vessel as the main still. They should not be installed in the bottom of a flask or column.

The other types of glass coil-type boilers detailed on this page are again mounted in circulatory loops but as their nominal bore is same at the top and bottom, these units can, under certain circumstances, be installed one above the other to achieve multiples of the basic heat transfer area.

The maximum pressure in the coils is 3.0 barg. The maximum differential pressure across the coils is 3.0 bars. Please refer to the performance data for glass coil-type.

  DN 150 DN 225 DN 300
Details of Construction Max Min Max Min Max Min
ShellSide GlassShell 2.0 bar.g Vacuum 1.0bar.g Vacuum 0.7bar.g Vacuum
Steel Shell 3.5bar.g Vacuum 3.5bar.g Vacuum 3.5bar.g Vacuum
Tube Side Glass Bonnet Single Pass 2.0 bar.g Vacuum 1.0 bar.g Vacuum 0.7 bar.g Vacuum
Metal Bonnet Triple Pass 2.5 bar.g Vacuum 2.5 bar.g Vacuum 2.5 bar.g Vacuum
 
PERFORMANCE DATA
PERFORMANCE DATA -1
PERFORMANCE DATA -2
The maximum permissible steam pressure at the coil inlets of boilers is 3.0 barg which is equivalent to temperature of about 143°C with saturated steam. Higher temperature can be achieved by using heat.
The heat transferred in most sizes can be considered on average as 250 Kcal/hr – m² °c a steam pressure in the coils of 3.0 Bar g, although this figure declines marginally at lower pressure.
 
PRECAUTIONS TO USE GLASS BOILER ARE AS FOLLOW :
Flexible hoses must be used on the coil inlet and outlet and must have sufficient fall to avoid the collection of condensate.
To avoid the possibility of steam hammer, the steam main should be adequately trapped.
To clear the line of the very heavy condensate flow produced on start-up by-pass valves must be installed around the trap on the coil outlet.
Control valves and pressure gauges should be positioned near to the heat exchanger.
Coil type boilers should not be fitted at the bottom of flasks or columns. They are designed to be mounted on an external circulatory loop, this ensures a rapid uni – directional flows across the heating surfaces, which improves the heat transfer performance and promotes smooth operation.
The steam pressure should always be adequate enough to ensure effective and smooth condensate removal. This pressure will vary according to conditions of use and size of heat exchanger. For example, with the SHEB 12/12 and SHEB 450, a minimum pressure of 2 bar.g will probably be required.
On start-up, the steam should be admitted positively and progressively to the coil battery to remove the condensate as it is formed and with the by-pass valve left open until a uniform flow of condensate is being vented.
 
PERFORMANCE DATA -3
 
FCSA
 
Area (m) DN DN1 DN2 L L1 AreaL2 Cap. (cm²) Jacket Ltr. Type Cat.Ref.
0.15 100 25 25 380 125 100 40 2 A SHEB 4
0.15 100 25 405 125 100 41 3 B SHEB 4/4
0.50 150 40 25 455 150 90 51 5 A SHEB 6
0.50 150 25 510 150 100 51 7 B SHEB 6/6
1.50 225 40 25 710 180 140 147 16 A SHEB 9
1.20 225 25 710 180 115 193 20 B SHEB 9/9
2.00 300 25 25 700 215 135 330 40 B SHEB 12/12
* FCSA – Free Cross Section Area
 
 
IMMERSION HEAT EXCHANGERS
IMMERSION HEAT EXCHANGERS-1
IMMERSION HEAT EXCHANGERS-2
IMMERSION HEAT EXCHANGERS-3
Immersion heat exchangers are used to control exothermic reactions in glass vessels. In most applications, cooling water is used in the coils, but they can also be used with steam.In the latter case the coils must always be completely immersed in the liquid. The maximum pressure in the coils is 3.0 bar g. the maximum differential pressure across
Area (m²) DN DN1 DN2 L L1 D Cat Ref
0.50 150 40 25 230 330 145 SHEM 6
0.70 225 25 25 275 205 210 SHEM 9
 
PRODUCT COOLERS
PRODUCT COOLERS
Product coolers are general-purpose coolers used for cooling of products from distillation columns. Coolers are connected directly to the product outlet of the column by means of DN1. The product then flows from the top to the bottom of the unit through the coil battery across which the cooling water flows counter currently from bottom to top Angled hose connections are recommend for connections of cooling water Inlets and Outlets.
Area (m²) DN DN1 DN2 L Type Cat Ref
0.1 40 25 16 610 A SHEF 1/1
0.2 50 25 16 610 A SHEF 1/2
0.3 80 25 16 610 A SHEF 1/3
0.35 100 25 19 610 A SHEF 1/3.5
0.50 150 25 25 610 B SHEF 1/5
HOSE CONNECTOR
HOSE CONNECTOR-1
HOSE CONNECTOR-2
These glass connectors are used to connect flexible hoses to inlet and outlet of coil type condensers.
 
SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
 
Shell and tube heat exchangers are available in various option depends upon required application, which are mentioned as under. Shell and tube heat exchangers are particularly suitable for application where large heat transfer area is required in relatively confined space. Shell & tube heat exchangers are available in single-pass as well as multi – pass on tube side. Material of Construction of tube is Borosilicate Glass (3.3)
Range of the models
 
Cat.Ref. Shells End Fittings Tubes Number of passes
SRGG Glass Glass Glass 1
SRGM Glass Steel Glass 1/2/3
SRMG Steel Glass Glass 1
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES-1
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES-2
The glass tube are sealed individually into PTFE tube sheet with special PTFE sockets and pakcing. This unique ferrule type selling arrangement permits easy replacements and cleaning of tubes. Baffles on shell side ensure improved heat transfer by increased turbulence. Further details of construction can be seen in the diagram.

Sealing principle similar on all models

1
METAL / GLASS BONNET
2
PTFE TUBE SHEET
3
THREADED BUSH
4
GLASS TUBE
5
BAFFLE
6
METAL / GLASS SHELL
7
PTFE TUBE
8
TIE ROD IN PTFE
9
CAST IRON FLANGE
10
SPRING
11
SCREWED ROD OR NUT
12
INSERT
 	Heat Exchangers-1
 	Heat Exchangers-2
.

 

Cat Ref.
RGG/RMG
6/3 6/4   6/5 6/6 9/6 9/8   9/10 9/12 12/12 12/16   12/21 12/26
Area (m²) 3 4 5 6 6 8 10 12.5 12 16 21 26
DN 150 225 300
DN 1 80 100 150
DN2 50 50 80
DN 3 25 40 40
DN 4 50 50 50
H1 175 250 300
H2 150 205 240
L1 2534 3034 3834 4534 2864 3364 4164 4864 2916 3416 4216 4916
L2 440 440 440 440 690 690 690 690 730 730 730 730
L3 1650 2150 2950 3650 1480 1980 2780 3480 1450 1950 2750 3450
L4 440 440 440 440 690 690 690 690 730 730 730 730
L5 2030 2530 3330 4030 2030 2530 3330 4030 2030 2530 3330 4030
L6 155 155 155 155 175 175 175 175 200 200 200 200
L7 1350 1850 2650 3350 1030 1530 2330 3030 1000 1500 2300 3000
L8 1960 2460 3260 3960 1940 2440 3240 3940 1910 2410 3210 3910
No. of Tubes 11 14 19 24 7 9 13 17 17 5 7 73 151 13
No. of Baffles
All glass tubes have an external diameter of 13mm or 14mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm
OPERATING RANGE
The maximum permissible operating conditions in borosilicate glass 3.3 heat exchangers are detailed in the table below.
Permissible operating pressure range (Bar g)
Models Side DN 150 DN 225 DN 300
SRGG Shell 0.2 1.0 0.75
Tube 0.2 2.0 1.0 0.75
SRGM Shell 2.0 1.0 0.75
Tube 3.0 3.5 3.5
SRMG Shell 3.5 3.5 3.5
Maximum operating temperature
shell and tube sides: – 40° C to 150° C.

Maximum temperature difference between the shell side and tube side process fluids : 120° C.

 
PERFORMANCE & DESIGN DATA
Table given below indicates performance of glass shell and tube heat exchanger in several typical application. More specific advice can be given on receipt of details.
Type of Heat transfer Basis Kcal/m² hr °C
Liquid – Liquid Cooling Water-water 500-600
Water- organic solvents 250-600
Water-oil 75-350
Water – air 25-250
Liquid – -Gas Condensation – Water-water 600-900
Water- organic solvents 400-600
Evaporation Steam – organic solvents 400-600
 
SUPPORTS
supports for glass shell
supports for metal shell
Generally two types of supports are used in shell and tube heat exchangers depends upon MOC of shell & tube heat exchangers.

 

MOC of these supports is MS.

 	Heat Exchangers